Which of the following represents an example of a data privacy law?

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a robust data privacy law enacted by the European Union to protect the personal data and privacy of EU citizens. It establishes strict guidelines on data collection, storage, processing, and sharing, with a strong focus on giving individuals more control over their personal information. GDPR mandates that organizations obtain explicit consent for data processing and provides individuals with rights such as data access, rectification, and erasure. This regulation is a prime example of a data privacy law as it directly addresses individuals' rights related to their personal data and establishes penalties for non-compliance.

While the other options refer to regulations that deal with specific types of information, they do not solely focus on data privacy in the comprehensive manner that GDPR does. For example, HIPAA primarily governs the privacy and security of healthcare information, SOX relates to corporate financial reporting and accountability, and PCI DSS outlines standards for payment card security, rather than privacy rights related to personal data broadly. Thus, GDPR is distinctly recognized as a data privacy law due to its overarching framework dedicated to protecting personal data.